Tirzepatide (LY3298176) – Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist – High Purity Lyophilized Powder – For Research Use Only
High-purity Tirzepatide (LY3298176), a first-in-class dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist. ≥98% purity by HPLC. CAS 2023788-19-2. Molecular weight 4,813.45 Da. Lyophilized powder for research applications including metabolic studies, incretin receptor pharmacology, and obesity/T2D model research. Bulk wholesale available with COA and global shipping.
Tirzepatide (LY3298176) is a first-in-class, once-weekly dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist . It represents a significant advance in incretin-based therapies, being the first commercially approved molecule to successfully combine agonism at both major incretin receptors in a single peptide .
The molecule is a 39-amino acid linear peptide conjugated to a C20 fatty di-acyl moiety via a hydrophilic linker at a lysine residue in the middle of the molecule, which extends its half-life for once-weekly dosing .
Scientific Background
Tirzepatide functions through a unique imbalanced and biased agonism profile at the two receptors :
| Receptor | Binding Affinity | Functional Activity |
|---|---|---|
| GIP Receptor (GIPR) | Equivalent to native GIP | Full agonist – comparable efficacy for cAMP generation, β-arrestin recruitment, and receptor internalization |
| GLP-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) | ~5-fold weaker than native GLP-1 | Partial agonist – reduced β-arrestin recruitment (~40% reduction), decreased receptor internalization |
This biased agonism at the GLP-1R (preferential cAMP signaling over β-arrestin recruitment) results in prolonged receptor activity, reduced desensitization, and potentially improved tolerability compared to full GLP-1R agonists .
Key Therapeutic Indications (Clinical Context)
Tirzepatide has received regulatory approvals worldwide:
| Indication | Brand Name | FDA Approval Date |
|---|---|---|
| Type 2 Diabetes (glycemic control) | Mounjaro® | May 2022 |
| Chronic Weight Management (obesity) | Zepbound® | November 2023 |
Additional approvals have been granted in the EU, Japan, and China (May 2024) . Global sales reached **5.163billionin2023∗∗and2.324 billion in Q1 2024 alone .
Key Features
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| 🧬 INN Name | Tirzepatide |
| 🔬 Synonyms | LY3298176, BG121 |
| ⚖️ Molecular Formula | C₂₂₅H₃₄₈N₄₈O₆₈ |
| ⚖️ Molecular Weight | 4,813.45 Da |
| 🔢 CAS Number | 2023788-19-2 |
| 🧪 Purity | ≥98% (HPLC) – ≥99% available from GMP sources |
| 🧬 Amino Acid Length | 39 amino acids (linear peptide) |
| 🧫 Receptor Targets | Dual GIPR / GLP-1R agonist |
| 💉 Dosing Frequency | Once-weekly (due to C20 fatty di-acid conjugation) |
| ❄️ Storage (Powder) | -20°C (stable for 2-3 years) |
| ❄️ Storage (Solution) | -20°C (stable up to 1 month); aliquot to avoid freeze-thaw cycles |
| Available Formats | Lyophilized powder in vials (2mg, 5mg, 10mg, 50mg, bulk) |
| Research Applications | Metabolic disorder studies, obesity/T2D models, incretin receptor pharmacology |
Mechanism of Action (Research Context)
Tirzepatide is a dual agonist at two key incretin receptors involved in metabolic regulation :
1. GIP Receptor (GIPR) Activation
GIP is an intestinally derived, insulinotropic hormone that potentiates insulin secretion in response to nutrient intake. Tirzepatide acts as a full agonist at the GIPR, with binding affinity equivalent to native GIP. Unlike selective GLP-1R agonists, the GIPR activation component of tirzepatide contributes to:
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Additional insulin secretion beyond GLP-1R stimulation
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Improved insulin sensitivity independent of weight loss
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Adipose tissue-mediated metabolic effects
Research Debate (Agonism vs. Antagonism): Emerging evidence suggests both GIPR agonism (tirzepatide) and GIPR antagonism (MariTide/AMG-133) produce weight loss in combination with GLP-1R activation, creating a “paradox” in the field . Tirzepatide’s clinical success supports the GIPR agonism approach for obesity and T2D treatment.
2. GLP-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) Activation – Biased Agonism
Tirzepatide binds to GLP-1R with approximately 5-fold lower affinity than native GLP-1. However, it demonstrates biased agonism – preferential activation of cAMP signaling over β-arrestin recruitment :
| Pathway | Tirzepatide Activity | Consequence |
|---|---|---|
| cAMP Generation | Reduced potency (20-fold shift) but full efficacy in high receptor density cells | Preserved insulinotropic effect |
| β-Arrestin Recruitment | Low efficacy (Emax <10%) | Reduced receptor desensitization; prolonged activity |
| Receptor Internalization | Reduced by ~40% | Sustained cell surface receptor availability |
This biased profile means that in cells with high GLP-1R density (e.g., pancreatic β-cells), tirzepatide generates a full cAMP response. In lower density tissues (e.g., CNS), reduced desensitization allows prolonged physiological effect .
Therapeutic Advantages of Biased Agonism
The reduction in β-arrestin recruitment at the GLP-1R may translate to:
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Prolonged insulin secretion – less receptor desensitization
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Potential for reduced nausea – a rate-limiting factor in GLP-1R agonist dose escalation
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Sustained efficacy – once-weekly dosing despite lower receptor affinity
Research Applications
| Application Area | Description |
|---|---|
| 🧫 Metabolic Disorder Research | In vitro and in vivo studies of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome |
| 🔬 Incretin Receptor Pharmacology | Comparative studies of GIPR vs. GLP-1R activation; biased agonism mechanisms |
| 🩹 Adipose Tissue Studies | GIPR-mediated lipid metabolism and adipocyte function |
| 🧪 Cardiometabolic Research | Blood pressure, lipid profiles, BMI, and waist circumference outcomes |
| 🧠 CNS Satiety Pathways | Appetite regulation and food intake studies |
| Comparative efficacy vs. selective GLP-1R agonists (e.g., semaglutide) |
Comparative Efficacy Note: Clinical studies demonstrate that tirzepatide produces greater HbA1c reduction and weight loss compared to semaglutide, with the lowest dose of tirzepatide outperforming 1 mg weekly semaglutide for glycemic control .
Specifications – Bulk/Wholesale Format
| Specification | Detail |
|---|---|
| Product Form | Lyophilized (freeze-dried) white powder |
| Purity | ≥98% (HPLC) – ≥99% available from GMP-certified sources |
| CAS Number | 2023788-19-2 |
| Molecular Weight | 4,813.45 Da |
| Molecular Formula | C₂₂₅H₃₄₈N₄₈O₆₈ |
| Amino Acid Length | 39 residues |
| N-Terminal Modification | Tyrosine (required for high GIPR affinity) |
| C-Terminal Modification | Amidation (typical for incretin peptides) |
| Solubility | Soluble in aqueous solution (5% AcOH) at 1 mg/ml |
| Storage Temperature (Powder) | -20°C – stable for 2-3 years |
| Storage Temperature (Solution) | -20°C – stable up to 1 month; avoid freeze-thaw cycles |
| Shelf Life (Powder) | 36 months at -20°C |
| Country of Origin | Available from GMP-certified facilities (US-DMF filed; China, USA, Europe) |
Reconstitution Instructions (For Research Use Only)
For a 60 mg vial (reference standard):
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Reconstitute with 4 mL sterile water to achieve a concentration of 15 mg/mL
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Gently swirl – do not shake vigorously
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Store reconstituted solution at 2-8°C and use within 90 days
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For smaller vials, adjust volume proportionally
General Reconstitution Protocol:
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For in vivo research: Reconstitute in sterile saline or PBS
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For in vitro research: Reconstitute in appropriate buffer (5% acetic acid may aid solubility)
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Aliquot immediately after reconstitution to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles
Regulatory Status & Manufacturing Quality
| Certification / Filing | Status |
|---|---|
| US-DMF Filing | Completed (DMF Number: 040115; Acknowledgement: August 2, 2024) |
| GMP Certification | Available from ISO9001, cGMP facilities |
| Mass Production Capability | Kilogram-scale API production; stable, continuous batches |
| FDA Inspection | Multiple passed inspections |
| Reference Standards | US Pharmacopeia (USP) grade available |
Comparison: Tirzepatide vs. Selective GLP-1R Agonists
| Feature | Tirzepatide (This Product) | Semaglutide (Selective GLP-1 RA) |
|---|---|---|
| Receptor Targets | Dual GIPR + GLP-1R | GLP-1R only |
| GLP-1R Binding | ~5-fold weaker than native GLP-1 | High affinity |
| GIPR Activity | Full agonist (equivalent to native GIP) | None |
| β-Arrestin Recruitment | Reduced (~40% less internalization) | Full |
| Weight Loss Efficacy | Superior in head-to-head trials | Standard of care |
Compliance & Disclaimer
⚠️ FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR HUMAN OR VETERINARY USE.
This product is sold for laboratory research purposes only. It is not a pharmaceutical, drug, or medical device. Not intended for diagnostic, therapeutic, or in vivo human applications. Not for use in food, cosmetics, or household products.
Tirzepatide is the active ingredient in FDA-approved commercial drugs Mounjaro® and Zepbound®. This product is not for human administration. Any use in competitive animals or humans is strictly prohibited.
By purchasing this product, you affirm that you are a qualified research professional and that you will use this product only in lawful, ethical research applications.
Why Source From Us?
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✅ High-purity peptides (≥98% to ≥99% by HPLC)
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✅ GMP-certified manufacturing facilities (ISO9001, cGMP)
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✅ US-DMF filed (DMF 040115) – simplifies regulatory compliance for customers
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✅ Kilogram-scale production capability – stable, continuous batches
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✅ Third-party COA (Certificate of Analysis) available for each batch
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✅ OEM/ODM services available (custom purity, vial size, labeling)
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✅ Bulk wholesale pricing – significant discounts for large-volume orders
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✅ Discreet worldwide shipping via DHL, FedEx, UPS
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✅ Free samples available for qualified research institutions
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✅ Refund/replacement policy for quality issues
Contact us for wholesale pricing, COA requests, bulk quotations, regulatory documentation (DMF reference letter), and shipping details. Long‑term research supply partnerships welcome.




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